Which of the following describes humanism?

Humanism is characterized by its emphasis on human potential and the study of classical texts from ancient Greece and Rome. This movement emerged during the Renaissance as scholars sought to explore subjects such as literature, philosophy, and history, moving away from a predominance on religious-centric education towards a model that celebrated human achievements and capabilities.

By focusing on the value of human experiences and rationality, humanism fostered a spirit of inquiry and encouraged individuals to pursue education in the arts and sciences. It is through this appreciation of classical knowledge that humanists aimed to cultivate moral and intellectual development among individuals, advocating for a well-rounded education that shaped the culture and thinking of the time.

The emphasis on classical studies is a hallmark of humanism, marking a distinct shift in cultural and intellectual pursuits, profoundly influencing literature, art, and education in the following centuries. This focus on human potential is what sets humanism apart from the other options listed, which either prioritize religious authority, political ideology, or specific forms of governance.