Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam

The assertion that the Olmecs were a foundational civilization is both supported by archaeological evidence and significant in the context of cultural diffusion among ancient American societies. The Olmec civilization, which thrived in what is now Mexico from around 1200 to 400 BCE, is often regarded as one of the earliest major civilizations in Mesoamerica. It laid vital cultural and social foundations that influenced later Mesoamerican cultures, including the Maya and the Aztecs.

As the first known civilization in the region, the Olmecs contributed significantly to developments in architecture, ritual practices, and artistic traditions, which echoed throughout the subsequent cultures. Their innovations, such as the creation of colossal stone heads and the establishment of urban centers, set a precedent for later empires. This foundational status implies that many aspects of Olmec culture were adopted, adapted, or built upon by those who followed, facilitating the spread of cultural information across Mesoamerican societies.

In contrast, other options present statements that do not accurately reflect established historical understanding. While Mesoamericans did develop large empires, attributing this development solely to one culture oversimplifies the complex interactions that occurred between different societies. Similarly, the widespread adoption of the Mayan calendar by all M