What system allowed Spaniards to extract tribute from indigenous people in colonial Latin America?

The system that allowed Spaniards to extract tribute from indigenous people in colonial Latin America is the encomienda system. This system was established in the early 16th century and involved granting Spanish settlers the right to extract labor and tribute from indigenous populations. In return, the Spaniards were expected to provide protection and religious education to the indigenous people. This relationship, however, often led to severe exploitation and abuse, as the settlers frequently demanded excessive tribute and labor, which contributed to the decline of indigenous populations due to harsh working conditions and disease.

The encomienda system was significant in shaping colonial society and the economy, as it allowed Spanish colonists to establish a labor force for agricultural and mining enterprises, which were critical to the Spanish crown's wealth during the colonial period. This system played a crucial role in the transformation and exploitation of indigenous societies throughout Latin America.