The text reflects which of the following policies commonly employed by Muslim leaders in conquered lands?

The correct answer highlights a policy of taxation on those who refused to convert to Islam, which is reflective of practices established in various Muslim empires. After the initial conquests, Muslim leaders often implemented the jizya tax, a form of protection tax levied on non-Muslims, such as Christians and Jews, living within Islamic territories. This policy allowed non-Muslims to practice their religions while contributing to the state financially, creating a system of tolerance that facilitated governance in a multi-religious empire.

Implementing taxation for non-converts instead of extreme penalties like exile or death encouraged peaceful coexistence and assimilation over outright violence, making it a pragmatic approach for maintaining order and revenue. This context reconciles the need for religious consistency among the Muslim population with the realities of governing diverse populations.